This study aims to design and validate a comprehensive framework explaining the role of artificial intelligence in public sector strategic management. A mixed-method design was applied. First, a systematic review of studies published between 2010 and 2025 was conducted using major academic databases, followed by qualitative content analysis to extract initial dimensions. Second, a three-round Delphi process involving 18 experts from academia and senior public management was implemented to validate the framework. Expert consensus was assessed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and descriptive statistics. Results revealed six core dimensions: data governance and information architecture; AI-driven strategic decision-making and planning; organizational capabilities and digital maturity; ethical governance and algorithmic accountability; strategic human capital; and public value and service quality. All dimensions achieved strong expert consensus, with data governance and intelligent decision-making receiving the highest strategic priority. The validated framework demonstrates that artificial intelligence has become a central strategic asset for modern public administration and provides a reliable roadmap for building intelligent, resilient, and sustainable public governance systems.