This study aimed to investigate the impact of artificial intelligence capabilities on the competitive advantage of fintech startups in international markets, considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the moderating role of strategic agility. This applied research adopted a descriptive-survey design and collected field data from managers and senior experts working in fintech startups located in Tehran. The statistical population consisted of approximately 500 individuals, from which a sample of 215 respondents was selected using Cochran’s formula and random sampling. Data were gathered through a researcher-developed questionnaire measuring four constructs: artificial intelligence capabilities, competitive advantage in international markets, entrepreneurial orientation, and strategic agility. The instrument’s validity was confirmed through face and content validity assessments, while its reliability was supported by a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.897. Data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS software. The results indicated that artificial intelligence capabilities had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation (β = 0.696, t = 19.061, p < .001). Entrepreneurial orientation also exerted a significant positive effect on competitive advantage (β = 0.334, t = 3.703, p < .001). Furthermore, entrepreneurial orientation significantly mediated the relationship between artificial intelligence capabilities and competitive advantage (β = 0.198, t = 3.541, p < .001). Strategic agility significantly moderated the relationship between artificial intelligence capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation (β = 0.221, t = 3.739, p < .001). In addition, strategic agility positively moderated the relationship between artificial intelligence capabilities and competitive advantage (β = 0.235, t = 3.993, p < .001). These findings provide empirical support for all proposed hypotheses. The findings demonstrate that artificial intelligence capabilities represent a strategic resource that enhances competitive advantage both directly and indirectly through entrepreneurial orientation. Moreover, the effectiveness of artificial intelligence capabilities becomes stronger when organizations possess higher levels of strategic agility.